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Ron DeSantis, the Florida governor, has proposed an extraordinary plan to create a state paramilitary unit that he, rather than the federal government, would control.
If the $3.5m plan goes ahead, Florida would gain a state-run force alongside its national guard, which is jointly funded by the federal government and the state.
Florida has previously created a state guard in 1941 to fill in for national guard members who were fighting in the second world war, but the unit was disbanded in 1947.
The proposal has been sharply criticized by Democrats, who accused DeSantis of authoritarian motives.
DeSantis said the state guard would be deployed to deal with the aftermath of natural disasters, such as the hurricanes that routinely hit Florida, although these troops could be put to other tasks.
In 2015, Greg Abbott, the Republican governor of Texas, used the state guard there to monitor federal military exercises in his state, amid a baseless rumor that the federal government was nefariously using Walmart supermarket parking lots to establish military control.
The push to establish a new state guard comes amid tensions between the Pentagon and Republican-led states over the vaccination of national guard members to protect them from Covid-19.
Troops have long received a variety of mandatory vaccinations while serving but the Covid vaccine has proved too controversial for some, despite repeated evidence showing its safety and efficacy.
The Department of Defense has said it may dock the pay of any soldier who refuses the jab.
DeSantis has not joined the pushback against military inoculations, although he has attempted to ban vaccine requirements, pay the fines of businesses that flout the federal vaccine mandate and plans bonuses to lure police officers from elsewhere who resist vaccine mandates.
